– Types of parking notices (NtD, NtK, NtH)
– Driver, Keeper and Hirer: what the difference means
– Parking Charge Notice vs Penalty Notice
– What PoFA is and why it matters
– Contractual liability and signage
– Byelaws and statutory land (inc. airports/railways/ports)

– What PoFA Schedule 4 actually does
Explains how and when a parking company can pursue a Keeper instead of a Driver.
– Contract law and private parking
Explains how parking firms claim a contract is formed by signs and conduct.
– What “relevant land” means
Explains why PoFA only applies on certain types of land.
– Airport, railway, port and other land under statutory control
Explains statutory control and why different rules apply.
– Authority to operate and standing
Explains why a parking company must have landowner authority.
– Data use and DVLA access
Explains why they can obtain keeper data and when that is misused.

– Private parking tickets are fines
Explains what a fine really is and why private PCNs are contractual claims, not penalties.
– Debt collectors can enforce payment
Explains that they have no enforcement powers and can only send letters.
– If I lose, I automatically get a CCJ
Explains when a CCJ happens and how payment within a month avoids any credit record.
– This is a criminal offence
Explains the difference between civil claims and criminal law.
– They must prove I was the driver
Explains when they must prove driver identity and when they try to rely on Keeper liability.
– Ignoring everything makes it go away
Explains why ignoring key stages (like a Letter of Claim) can make things worse.

– How the appeal process works
Explains the internal appeal stage, followed by a second-stage appeal, and what usually happens next.
– British Parking Association (BPA)
Explains what the BPA is, who its members are, and whose interests it represents.
– International Parking Community (IPC)
Explains how the IPC differs from the BPA and how its system operates.
– POPLA (Parking on Private Land Appeals)
Explains how POPLA works, what it will and will not consider, and why it often favours operators.
– IAS (Independent Appeals Service)
Explains why it is not independent in practice and why motorists rarely succeed.
– Why appeals are not truly independent
Explains the conflict of interest in trade-body-run appeal systems.

– Why the County Court is different
Explains that it is independent of parking companies and trade bodies.
– Why many claims end before trial
Explains discontinuance, weak cases, and commercial risk to operators.
– What a small claims hearing is really like
Explains the informal nature of small claims hearings and what usually happens on the day.
– What “losing” really means
Explains payment, time limits, and what the judgment actually orders.
– Costs and financial risk
Explains what people realistically risk in small claims, and what is not recoverable.
– Civil court vs criminal court
Explains the difference between civil liability and criminal guilt.

– MCOL deadline calculator
Calculates service, acknowledgement of service, and defence deadlines for court claims.
– PoFA deadline calculator (beta)
Calculates whether an NtK has been issued within the relevant period.
– Sample defences
Shows example defence arguments and explains why they work.
– Worked case examples
Shows real scenarios and how they were handled from start to finish.
– Evidence and documents
Explains what evidence matters and what does not.
– Responding to a Letter of Claim
Explains how to reply properly before a claim is issued.
– Glossary of terms
Explains common legal and parking terms in plain English.